¿Qué es SPV (simplified payment verification)?
Verifying that a transaction is in a block using merkle proofs, without downloading the full chain.
Described in the white paper, SPV lets lightweight wallets confirm inclusion by checking block headers and a merkle branch. It is far cheaper than full validation.
The trade-off is that an SPV client checks that a transaction was included, not that the block obeyed every consensus rule. It trusts that the majority of hashrate is following the rules.
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Esta definición forma parte del glosario de Bitcoin Logical. Para la explicación completa, empieza por Aprender, o consulta las cifras en vivo en La Señal Bitcoin.